theory of constraints :: essays research papers

Background Eastern Financial Florida Credit Union is the largest credit union in South Florida. The last three years have been intensive with rates dipping to there lowest in 40 years. Because of this, 92% of mortgage holders had economic reasons to refinance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eastern exists to achieve goals to improve member service, work performance and increase profitability; however, certain factors limit their capacity to manage constraints and they needed help. Eastern Weak Links Eastern needed help because they were faced with a bottleneck/constraint of having more loan applicants than they were able to timely process so they decided that the problem can be eliminated by implementing Theory of Constraints (TOC) drum-buffer rope and five focusing steps. Other weak links that need to be addressed are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inability to commit to closing dates  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lot of work in process in the system  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lead times too long  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constantly shuffling priorities  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Too much expediting  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stressful work environment  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Difficulty in responding to urgent member requests  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overtime doesn’t increase profits  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outsourcing doesn’t solve the problem TOC is based on the fact that all businesses operate with constraints or bottlenecks, which disable the progress or success of a company. By identifying the bottleneck, the entire operation is strengthened. Drum, Buffer, Rope (DBR) Eastern uses this view in managing constraint along with the five steps. Using DBR assures that the company is running the right thing at the right time. Five Focusing Steps  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Exploit  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Subordinate  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elevate  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inertia Identify/Drum Since we just reviewed the weak links, we must seek and destroy the bottleneck. Identifying the drum/constraint is critical to the theory of constraints. Eastern identified the constraint to be in the underwriting department. Exploit/Buffer To exploit the constraint, Eastern puts all efforts toward maximizing the area that is causing the problem, which is underwriting. Eastern provided enough work in process files to protect the systems deliverables (closing and delivery dates), which is related to the buffer. The buffer tells two things: when too much material is in the buffer and not enough. The system assures that underwriting is protected with work in process files, which is the amount of material in the buffer. This pre-determined amount of work is the rope. Subordinate Subordinating involves training others to improve the constraints area; Eastern provides the protection for all resources to underwriting and provides cross training and backups to the department; this assures that the constraint is operating continuously.

Practice Of Defensive Medicine Health And Social Care Essay

Tort Reform and Defensive Medicine are the major concerns that lead to drive up cost containment in wellness attention. Tort reform does little to cut down costs and Defensive Medicine instead avoids liability than to profit the patient. In this paper will supply the differences between the two and how cost can be control every bit good cut downing cost when it comes to malpractice charges.What is Tort Reform and Defensive Medicineâ€Å" Defensive Medicine is normally ( and, we believe, right ) defined as the ordination of interventions, trials and processs chiefly to assist protect the doctor from liability instead than to well foster the patient ‘s diagnosing or intervention † ( Hermer & A ; Brody 2010, pg 4- 12 ) . â€Å" Tort reform by itself will make little to cut down costs. But unless liability concerns are successfully addressed, it is improbable that most doctors will be willing to follow the systemic schemes needed for cost control † ( Hermer & A ; Brody 2010 ) .Major PointsThe major point that is being argued strongly from doctor is that defensive medical specialty is driving up wellness attention cost and rising prices. Doctors believed they must pattern defensive medical specialty to cut down case hazard in the U. S. They argue that the civil wrong reform must come into understanding to cutting down a batch of expensive surveies and processs, because they feel it add billion to wellness attention costs per twelvemonth. In surveies of studies found in the old ages from 2005 and 2008 that high hazard doctors or specializers from different provinces reported practising defensive medical specialty. These provinces were found in Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts practising defensive medical specialty. A sum in Pennsylvania were 93 % and Massachusetts 83 % of doctors. It besides found that significant cost could be associated with defensive medical specialty in both of these provinces. Much of these surveies were 20 % to 30 % that physicians confirm that were being study in movie X raies, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound that were being order to pattern for defensive medical specialty. This is normally being argued by doctors through the study for practising defensive medical specialty.Professionals and Cons of Tort Reform and Defensive MedicineProfessionals and cons of Tort Reform and Defensive Medicine as consequence of the Tort Reform, Defensive medical specialty will non disappear, but the cons side of th e Tort Reform without its reform doctor is willing to accept cost control action being influence on the patterns of defensive medical specialties. Tort Reform helps cut down defensive medical specialty patterns and others that are subscribers to its quantification. It is indispensable but missing factor to be control. Regardless of the malpractice system that inflicts a toll on doctors it is enormous uneffective. The negligent act to harming patients and prompt cases cost are much tremendous. The frights of cases have no grounds that it will cut down or avoid medical mistake on leaders, quality development on mistakes of single doctors for bettering patient safety. In world of the civil wrong reform would be necessary if the cost of medical attention were earnestly reduced in the United States. But because the cost were non reduced or command it necessitate doctors to cut down high-cost trials and interventions that do non profit the patients. In benefits to the patients at that place have to be an understanding with the doctors and the patients in equal in believing high cost and engineering attention to take downing cost in supplying good attention. If the doctors refuse to follow with cost control it will in no manner expose them to liability hazard. Some hazards cut downing civil wrong liability for doctors can be a linkage necessary for cost containment. In Defensive Medicine is driving up cost along with other subscribers and the causes for unneeded cost. One of the inordinate costs of attention by higher reimbursement to civilization pattern is driven by process and engineering direction and other factors. These costs have occurred for inordinate major malpractice reforms in the province of Texas ( Hermer & A ; Brody, pg 37 ) . Another factor is germinating clinical criterions. In to boot to these factors doctors are able to order non-beneficial trials because of defensive medical specialty. These trials have become integrated into the criterion of the community for attention. But in fact civil wrong reform would non ensue in decrease for the figure of trials being ordered. In harmonizing to the defensive patterns reform may non give if economic effects to being sued so removed.The Implication of civil wrong Reform, Defensive Medicine, quality and wellness attention costs.In deduction of civil wrong reform, defensive medical specia lty to quality and wellness attention costs. If cost is cut down for medical attention in the U.S. The civil wrong reform will necessitate doctor to cut down the usage of high-cost trial and interventions to profit their patients. In understanding to the patients and doctors to take downing cost of engineering attention to supplying good attention to their patients and the doctors that refuses to follow with the cost containment steps will non be expose to liability hazard.The Author ‘s Position on Tort ReformFirst, we will specify defensive medical specialty and place jobs in quantifying the pattern. We will so analyze and measure the strengths and failings of the places expressed by many doctors and wellness policy analysts by sing the available grounds refering the function of defensive medical specialty in raising wellness attention costs, the ability of civil wrong reform to command defensive medical specialty patterns, and alternate subscribers to the job. We will so dis course why we believe that civil wrong reform, despite the incompatibility of the grounds back uping its ability to meaningfully incorporate wellness attention costs, is a necessary constituent of cost control. In understanding with the writer place of the Tort Reform is to command defensive medical specialty patterns and assist cut down cost control in the civil wrong reform. Another ground because of the careless act to harming patients and case has become a immense consequence in the medical field. The ground for stating this is because many infirmaries in today society have many cases due to improper attention of their patients. Some involved non minding to the patient medical records in supplying the incorrect medical specialty. In infirmary these have been seen many of times to patients being publish the incorrect medical specialty. Besides if a patient does non hold wellness insurance being sent to other infirmary for attention and the patient wellness is non in good status to being reassign another health care installation and more wellness jobs extended non being decently cared for the status in the first topographic point. All infirmary suppose to care for their patients irrespect ive of the type of insurance or being uninsured. The medical staffs have taken an Oak to supply for their patient regardless of race, ethic, insurance company or noninsured. Their Oak is to supply the attention of their patient ‘s safety.The StakeholdersThe three major stakeholders that are involved in Tort Reform are Physicians, High Cost, and Studies Survey. Doctors are one of the stakeholders that are a concern to the Tort Reform. Physicians are psychological inflicted, Malpractice system is useless, Neglectful act that injury patients and the results that prompt cases to tremendous cost. They function is to forestall medical mistake and better quality for patient ‘s safety. Another stakeholder is Cost Control is to take a firm stand doctors to cut down their usage of high cost trial and interventions that does non profit their patients. High engineering attention to lower cost in supplying good attention and physicians non being expose to increased liability hazard. The cost containment is needed to cut down the hazard of civil wrong liability for doctors. Surveies Survey are describe a high happening of such practicesn that consistent with worldview of the mean practician, criterion of doctors behaved, and methodological analysis. One of the consequences of surveies the costs of defensive medical specialty. In a survey by Kessler and McClellan that by 10 % of the wellness attention cost could be cut down was cited from other civil wrong reform every bit good as proposition for federal harm caps. Another survey consequence that mortality and morbidity rates and medical outgos in all the other provinces for diseases ( Hermer & A ; Brody ) It comparing to all provinces to malpractice reforms was non found. Defensive medical specialty went off and malpractice were introduced that lead no increased to mortality or morbidity. In decision because Tort reform does little to cut down costs and Defensive Medicine instead avoids liability than to profit the patient. The concerns that lead to drive up cost containment in wellness attention were the major cost due to malpractice liability hazard.

Accepting Others in Adolescence Stage - 643 Words

Everyone in their lifetime goes through the Adolescence stage, where they feel like they don’t fit in. They try so hard to fit in and be accepted by others, but yet there is still something about them that isn’t the same as everyone else. Whether or not it’s trying to fit in with the â€Å"populars† or trying to not be the next person to be bullied, they can’t seem to find what they are looking for. Those â€Å"popular† people may think that they can’t take action and help those who don’t fit in, but they can. Accepting others for the way they are and allowing them into a social group can change the way they feel about themselves. They may feel hopeless and lost, but all they need is a friend to help them through this tough stage in life. Adolescence is about fitting in. This is the stage of life where kids are being judged by the way they dress, how big their house is, and even the amount of money their parents make. People are n’t being accepted into social groups because they are judged by what they look like and how they live, instead of their personality. As Shane Koyczan states, â€Å"We were being told that we somehow must become what we are not, sacrificing what we are to inherit the masquerade of what we will be. I was being told to accept the identity that others will give me,† (Koyczan). This personal experience illustrates to us that people who don’t fit in are dealing with problem by ignoring it and allowing people to have control over them. Instead of reaching out to peopleShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Stages Of Adolescence And Adolescent Sub Stages1276 Words   |  6 Pagesus in following ways : ïÆ'Ëœ it will explain the nature and development stages of the adolescence. ïÆ'Ëœ it will enlist the development task during the adolescence . ïÆ'Ëœ it will explain the behavioral issues , challenges ,factors effecting the adolescence . ïÆ'Ëœ also discuss the gender disparity and phenomenon of the generation gap . ________________________________________ Adolescence: Concept of adolescence: adolescence is the dramatically evolving theoretical construct informed throughRead MoreParenting Style Affects Our Lifelong Brain Development Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesauthoritarian. Most of us spend at least 18 years or longer with our parent(s) so it leads to a question that if parenting style affects our lifelong brain development. Authoritative parents are demanding and responding. They are being supportive, accepting, and child centred. Authoritarian parents are highly demanding and not responding. They give orders to their children, require them to obey it, and follow the rules that they have given. Permissive parents are more demanding and responding. TheyRead MoreApplying Theory1698 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Theory †¢ Attachment theory explanation of issue occurrence at adolescent stage CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a phase that human beings go through before reaching adulthood. At this point of your life, you go through exciting and dramatic physical and mental changes. I remember this period vividly. Adolescents often ask themselves questions about whether or not other kids will like them in school, will they be accepted for what they are, what is happeningRead MoreThe Theory Of The World1270 Words   |  6 Pagesand the present. It has only been in recent years that the idea of depression in adolescence has been acknowledged. Anna Freud is seen as a pioneer in her own right when compared to her father Sigmund Freud, as her theories drew attention to the notion that adolescence was an emotionally challenging time for those experiencing it (Walter, 2015). Although Freud believed the term ‘turmoil’ (Freud, 1958) was a stage that all adolescents experienced, it distracted from those who were in need of muchRead MoreThe Conflict Of Adolescence And Early Adulthood1037 Words   |  5 Pagesas a stage of being self-sufficient, or it can be defined by demographic transitions such as marriage, parenthood or financial independence. In the United States, one is legally considered an adult at the age of 18, regardless of any cognitive or demographic factors. Human development is divided into several different stages starting at infancy all the way to the last stage of maturity. One of the most influenti al theories on development was done by Erikson (1968) which associated the stages ofRead MoreThe Article Moral Development Interventions Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesInterventions in Early Adolescence,† Robert Enright, Daniel Lapsley Deborah Harris, and David Shawver discuss moral development of adolescent children using the American psychologist, Lawrence Kohlberg’s â€Å"Theory of Stages of Moral Development† as a framework, and through the review of the â€Å"plus-one† model, Deliberate Psychological Education and the Just Community Strategy. They begin with an explanation of Kohlberg’s the progression of moral stages which consist of six stages; the first stage is when the childRead MoreMental Health And The Lgbt Community1665 Words   |  7 Pageslikely to be at risk for mental disorders compared to heterosexuals (Cochran and Mays 2003). Mental health issues are not only seen in the adult LGBT community but in the youth LGBT. Studies sugge st that mental health disparities can exist during adolescence (Mustanski et al. 2010). The purpose of this review is to show that the LGBT community is at higher risk for mental health disorders and psychological distress. This review will show that discrimination among the LGBT community is linked to theRead MoreEssay About on Gold Pond1639 Words   |  7 PagesPond represents three stages of development: adolescence, middle-adulthood, and late-adulthood. In the movie, Billy, Chelsea and Norman, three of the main characters symbolize the three stages of development by specific behaviors related to biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial developments. It was necessary for the three characters to break down during hard situations in their lives to start appreciating the different seasons of their lives, the transition from adolescence to adulthood to agingRead MoreAdolescence Is Defined By The Novel The Scarlet Letter 890 Words   |  4 Pages​According to out textbook, adolescence is defined â€Å"as the period of transition between children and adulthood th at involves biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes† (Santrock, 2014). According to Santrock there are two stages in adolescence, late and early adolescence. Early Adolescence corresponds to the middle school or junior high school years and includes most pubertal changes, while late adolescence refers approximately to the latter half of the second decade of life. In the filmRead More An Overview of Aging and Existing Cultural Differences Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. Missing any stage of this course is detrimental to the development of the human life. But not all societies have these stages of life; ergo different cultures define stages differently. The stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, young adulthood and middle adulthood, old age and death. Society thinks of childhood as the first twelve years of life. In most cultures it is known as the time of autonomy from the weight of the grown-up world. But in other societies, such as

The Bombing Of The United States - 957 Words

Terrorist attacks happen all over the world, creating a sense of hysteria and panic to the people surrounding the tragic events. The third most horrific attack in history, in my opinion, happened on 23 October 1989 in Beirut. A Marine barracks was bombed in Beirut, Lebanon killing 220 Marines and 21 other service personnel. This attack was considered to be the deadliest attack to the U.S. Marines since the battle of Iwo Jima in 1945 (CNN, 2015). The bombing was traced back to the Hezbollah militant group along with Iranian and Syrian involvement. Colonel Timothy Geraghty, the commander of the barracks, after much criticism for having lackadaisical security said that it was hard to defend the compound due to local airport traffic. Countermeasure ideas for the Reagan administration were divided. Some said the president should deepen involvement in the Middle East while others feared doing that would lead to a trajectory similar to that of Vietnam. Ultimately, Reagan followed the advice of Secretary Weinberger that if we weren’t in it to win it, then we shouldn’t go to war (FoxNews, 2013). Reagan withdrew the troops in Lebanon and chose to not get involved in the Middle East. It has been over thirty years since the barrack bombing, and this attack is still considered one of the top terror attacks of all time. In fact, the Tamil Tigers performed a copycat attack a few years after this attack. When other terrorists mimic a particular attack, it is an indication of anShow MoreRelatedThe Bombing Of The United States1105 Words   |  5 Pagesfor achieving political ends. By the 2000’s, bin Laden had directed various attacks against the U.S. through the al-Qaeda terror network, including the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Africa (Mulhausen). On September 11th, 2001 things would change, Bin Laden would strike on United States soil. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four separate planes and crashed them in to World Trade Center one and two and into the Pentagon while a fourth plane crashed in a field nearRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagescitizenship became questionable when terroristic acts were committed against America. Because the FBI and law enforcement agencies’ first and foremost agenda was to keep Americans safe, answers were needed immediately to determine if there were plans for bombing other U.S. cities, and they made the most logical decision within the context of the law to react quickly by delaying Tsarnaev’s Miranda Rights justifiably. In the first place, Tsarnaev’s citizenship became questionable when terroristic acts wereRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1688 Words   |  7 Pageshouse, full of men, women, and children, would be acceptable. The officials commanding the operation lacked a display of consideration for human lives, and also respect for the neighboring people and properties surrounding the MOVE compound. The MOVE bombing also epitomizes larger issues of both racial and class prejudices that are prevalent in American society even today. The organization MOVE is a radical, revolutionary group based in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MOVE members live their lives basedRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1168 Words   |  5 Pageson the United States. Terrorism has taken so many innocent lives. Its an issue we deal with on a daily basis. Because of this, President George Bush took extreme measures and was very successful on the global war on terror. He made multiple changes to laws and regulations to help keep American citizens safe. Despite the extreme measures former president George Bush took, the war on terror is not a winnable war.We can take pro cautions to terrorist attacks to a minimum in the United States but thisRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States2301 Words   |  10 Pagesplanned to hijack four airliners and threatened them with suicide attempts against the United States. When the first plane hit the twin towers, there was immediately live TV broadcasting. 18 minutes later, as many people from the first tower were calling for help, another plane was crashed into the second tower. This was when everyone immediately knew that America was under attack. In October of 2001, the United States immediately began to investigate the causes of this terrorist attack. Everyone wantedRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Whenever Al-Qaeda is mentioned in the United States, terrorist attacks flush in people`s mind. The organized crime group poses a threat to this country. The history of this threat dates back to the year 1998 when Al- Qaeda pioneered the bombing of the US embassy in Nairobi (Kenya) and Dar es Salam (Tanzania). As if not enough, the group proceeded further to plan the September 11th attacks were four United States commercial airlines were hijacked and crashed in different areas withinRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1463 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 11th, 2001, the United States of America was attacked on its soil when alleged Al-Qaeda members hijacked four passenger planes, Boeing 757s. Two planes flew into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, one plane flew into the Pentagon, and the remaining plane was possibly targeting the White House or the Capitol but was unsuccessful. People all over America felt an utter shock and disbelief after this tr agic event as people demanded answers. After the terroristRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States850 Words   |  4 Pagesother government agencies have gotten together, evaluated all known and possible vulnerabilities in all areas of the U.S. security systems in ports, on land and in the air to eliminate them. So far the U.S. has been very resilient, with the focus on a united front, a collaboration of efforts to restore and maintain peace worldwide. We suffered a terrible loss from the attacks of 9/11 and people have seen the effects of division and carelessness, making them more willing to work with the DHS, TSA, CustomsRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1597 Words   |  7 Pagesaffiliated with Al Qaeda had the ability and means to carry out an attack on the U.S. and Western places and persons located in Libya. Recommendation-The intelligence community and State Department must communicate better, especially in high threat areas. Finding #2 Through numerous intelligence reports the State Department should have implemented a higher security posture in Benghazi based on the situation on the ground. Prior to this, two other attacks occurred at a Temporary Mission FacilityRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States Essay972 Words   |  4 Pages On September 11th, 2012 a United States outpost in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked. Leaving four Americans killed, Ambassador Chris Stevens, Information Officer Sean Smith, and two CIA operatives, Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods, both former Navy SEALs. Stevens is the first U.S. ambassador killed in an attack since Adolph Dubs was killed in 1979. Questions have continued to arise over the role of then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the attack — or rather lack of role to do anything to help

Exxon Valdez and the Recovery of Prince William Sound Essay

Exxon Valdez and the Recovery of Prince William Sound Approximately eleven years ago, an area of Alaskas southern coast known as Prince William Sound was a disaster area. A nauseating scent of rotting carcasses and oil filtered through the air. Sea birds screamed in anguish as they fought to survive with oil drenched feathers. Under the surface billions of organisms ceased to live due to the toxicity of the inescapable wrath of the blackened water. Prince William Sound had once been a place of beauty and grace, now it was home to an environmental deathbed. The media broadcast pictures of this nearly unbearable scene throughout the world. Most people, including myself, wondered if the ecological war zone would ever recover†¦show more content†¦Massive cleanup efforts were initiated within a few weeks of the spill and they continued at reduced levels for the next three years. Approximately 14% of the spilled oil was recovered by cleanup crews (Newsweek, p.50). As a result of these efforts and natural weathering, littl e oil from the spill remained in the affected area by 1992. However, according to the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration some oil residues are still found under the ocean surface in areas sheltered from wind and waves. Yet, these residues are highly weathered and the toxicity is reduced to levels tolerable by organisms in the water (7). Nonetheless, the magnitude and timing of the Exxon Valdez oil spill raised immediate concerns about possible effects on marine fish and wildlife and prospects that these effects might be long lasting. Professors John Wiens and David Page spent many years studying theses effects of the oil spill and they presented their findings at the International Oil Spill Conference in Seattle, March 8-11, 1999. Their findings contain the most recent results of the ongoing studies in Prince William Sound. Through extensive work with three different groups of animals affected by the spill, they have exhibited a remarkable recovery by the ecosystem of Prince William Sound (Wiens, Page et al.). The first species the scientists studied is pinkShow MoreRelatedThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Exxon-Valdez oil spill occurred on March 24, 1989, when the tanker Exxon Valdez, transporting oil from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The root cause of the accident was the captain. After passing through Valdez Narrows, pilot Murphy left the vessel and Captain Hazelwood took over the wheelhouse. It was Captain Hazelwood who made the decision to steer the ship off its normal path in order to avoid a run in with ice. ForRead More It’s Time to Stop Lying about Oil Spills Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmesmorize me to the point that I lose my perception of time. Just minutes after midnight on March 24, 1989 the Exxon Valdez super tanker collided with a reef in Prince William Sound of Alaska. Like poisonous blood from a dying, putrefying animal, oil spewed and flowed from the smashed ship. Over eleven million gallons of oil contaminated the life, air, land, and waters of the sound (Goldshore 32). I imagine oil spills to be somewhat cartoon-like. A thick, oozing, black blanket of deathRead More The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: News Media Fantasy versus Reality3455 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract: The purpose of this research paper was to investigate the news media’s depiction of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. The coverage provided by the newspapers was compared to that of scientific journals to access their validity and insight. The reactions the coverage evoked on the public were also studied. The paper specifically addressed the media’s portrayal of the oil company versus that of environmental groups. It was found that the news media did not include the benefits the oil companyRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1581 Words   |  7 Pagestoday. Through the instances of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, the Kuwait Oil Fires, the Hurricane Katrina devastation and the Sydney Tar Ponds, this paper will develop an argument supporting the idea that governments should be given the responsibility to handle environmental hazards that result from the prior use of resources as well as environmental regulations that are no longer up to standard. Arguments/Examples I. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill To begin, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill was a man-made environmentalRead MoreEffects Of Glaciers On The Environment1071 Words   |  5 Pagesshapes and changes the landscape. Since Prince William Sound has so many glaciers feeding into its region it is an ideal area to observe.. Since glaciers are such influential masses in our environment it can be predicted that their retreat has direct impact in their region. Prince William Sound is located in Southeast Alaska and is in the Chugach National Forest. The Sound is home to a temperate rainforest and is over 2 million acres. Prince William Sound is home to around 150 glaciers, over 220Read MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Exxon Valdez A corporation has a moral duty to ensure that their products and operations do not cause harm to society and the environment. There are significant factors that must be taken into consideration to ensure the proper response is put forth if disaster rears its ugly head. Many times, when disaster strikes, companies do not always make the appropriate response, or they do not remediate the problem efficiently enough to maximize their efforts. The Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 is aRead MoreEssay Exxon Oil Spill991 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes happen, there is always losses of life. Many people are affected by it. There is always a price to pay. On March 24, 1989 the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilt all its oil into the ocean. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Going about twelve miles per hour, the doubt of a oil spill was highly unlikely. But, when the oil tanker hit Bligh Reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound, the worst oil spill in United States history occurred. Consequently, more than eleven million gallons of oil spued into the oceanRead MoreThe Alaska Lng Project, A Pipeline984 Words   |  4 Pagesoil transportation that is currently in place from the North Slope to the Valdez Marine Terminal. Many oil spills have occurred since it began transportation in 1977 such as the one that occurred in 2006 that went undetected for days resulting in 267,000 gallons of crude oil escaping into the environment (Barringer, 2006). Also, in 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil spill leaking an estimated 11 million gallons into Prince William Sound and contaminating 400 miles of coastline, decimating herring populationsRead MoreBioremediation Methods for Oil Spills4760 Words   |  20 Pages c. Chemical Process d. Need for Bioremediation 2. Bioremediation a. Seeding with Microbial Cultures b. Environmental Modification IV. Recent Applications of Bioremediation Techniques and their Effectiveness 1. Amoco Cadiz 2. Exxon Valdez 3. Mega Borg 4. Apex Barges 5. Arabian Gulf War V. Conclusion Bibliography Bioremediation Methods for Oil Spills Abstract. The increasing number of marine oil spills asks for effective solutions for the environment. BioremediationRead MoreExxonmobil Corporate Social Responsibility Essay2359 Words   |  10 PagesCommunities and Shareholders: The impact of how ExxonMobil manage their interaction Exxon-Mobil is the world’s largest privately owned multi-national oil and gas company (Skjaerseth 2003). For companies as large as ExxonMobil, which possess considerable capital resources and are able to exert considerable power and influence, society is increasingly demanding that they behave in a socially responsible manner (Diara, Alilo, and McGuire 2004). There is a growing expectation that companies will adopt

Indian Culture free essay sample

Have you ever thought of the amazing progress we, as human beings, have made in various spheres of life, be it language, literature, art and architecture, science or religion? Have you ever wondered how all this has been possible? This happened because, we did not have to make a fresh beginning each time, but were able to make use of and build on the work of past generations. You have never had to bother about having to make your own script or creating a new language system for yourself. These are already given to you which you enjoy as a member of society. Then you build on it by making your contribution or addition which further becomes an asset for the coming generations. This is a continuous and never-ending process. It is a precious possession unique to human beings and is known as culture. Culture is a way of life. You, your family has a culture and so does your region and your country. You may be curious to know about the uniqueness of Indian culture and find out its distinct characteristics. In this unit we will understand how Indian culture is unique and what are its characteristics.. 2. 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN CULTURE Indian culture is as many sided as life. It includes intellectual and social aspects of any human being. It also takes account of the aesthetic instinct as well as the spiritual impulses of human being. It has also, in effect, an appeal to the subconscious as a force making for the formation of character. Look at the map of India and you see India is a vast country with a lot of diversity in her physical and social environment. We see people around us speaking different languages, having different religions and practising different rituals. You can also see these diversities in their food habits and dress patterns. Besides, look at the myriad forms of dance and music in our country. But within all these diversities there is an underlying unity which acts as a cementing force. The intermingling of people has been steadily taking place in India over centuries. A number of people of different racial stock, ethnic backgrounds and religious beliefs have settled down here. Let us not forget that the composite and dynamic character of Indian culture is a result of the rich contributions of all these diverse cultural groups over a long period of time. The distinctive eatures of Indian culture and its uniqueness are the precious possession of all Indians. 2. 1. 1 Continuity and Change Many great cultures had developed in different countries and regions of the world. Many of them have perished or have been replaced by other cultures. However Indian culture has had an enduring character. Despite major changes and upheavals significant threads of continuity can be traced throughout the course of Indian his tory right upto the present day. You may have read about the Harappan civilization which flourished in the Indian subcontinent over 4500 years ago. Archaeologists have found evidences to show that cultures existed here even before the matured phase of the Harappan civilization. This tells us that we have a very long history behind us. And yet what is amazing is that even today the pattern of a house in an Indian village is not very different from that of a Harappan house. Some aspects of Harappan culture are still practised, such as, the worshipping of Mother Goddess and Pashupati. Similarly, Vedic, Buddhist, Jain and many other traditions continue to be followed even today. At the same time one should not lose sight of the changes as are evident in the multistoried buildings in the metropolitan cities like Mumbai and Delhi, quite unlike the Harappan houses that had only one storey. The point to be noted here is that continuity and change in our civilization has gone hand in hand. In fact, a remarkable feature of Indian culture is that along with continuity it has kept on changing, whereas the basic spirit of our culture continued. It has kept on discarding what was becoming irrelevant in the modern age. In our long history, there have been periods of ups and downs. As a result, movements have grown and reforms brought about. The reform movements in the Vedic religion brought about by Jainism and Buddhism in sixth century BC and the religious and social awakening in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in modern India are a few examples when revolutionary changes were brought about in Indian thought and practices. Yet the thread of basic philosophy of Indian culture continued and still persists. Thus a process of continuity and change has always been a feature of Indian culture. This shows the dynamic character of our culture. 2. 1. Variety and Unity Indian culture, over the last three mellenia, has successfully, but quietly, observed the best assimilable parts from other religions and cultures, from time to time and integated them into itself. Indeed few cultures in the world have such variety as the Indian culture. You may perhaps wonder why the people of Kerala use coconut oil while the people of Uttar Pradesh use mustard oil for cooking. This is because Kerala is a coastal state and coconut grows here in plenty. While Uttar Pradesh is a plain area which is favourable for the growth of mustard. What is the similarity in the Bhangra dance of Punjab or the Pongal of Tamil Nadu or the Bihu dance of Assam? Both are celebrated after a rich harvest of crops. Have you noticed the different languages that we speak like Bengali, Tamil, Gujarati or Oriya? India is the home of many forms of dance and music which we normally use for festivals and social functions like marriages or the birth of a child. A large number of languages and dialects are spoken in our country which has led to the growth of a great variety of literature. People belonging to eight great religions of the world co-exist here in a harmonious manner. Do you know that India is home to many religions of the world like Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism and of course Hinduism. Numerous styles of architecture, sculpture and painting have developed here. Different styles of music and dance, both folk and classical, exist in the country. So also are numerous festivals and customs. This wide variety has led to the making of Indian culture both composite one and rich and beautiful at the same time. Why is there so much variety in our culture? There are many reasons for this. The vastness of the country and variation in its physical and climatic features is an obvious reason for the variety. The second important reason for the variety in our culture is the intermingling among various ethnic groups. Since time immemorial, people from far and near have been coming and settling here. We find people belonging to different racial stocks like the Proto-Australoids, the Negroids and the Mongoloids living in India. Various ethnic groups like Iranians, Greeks, Kushanas, Shakas, Hunas, Arabs, Turks, Mughals and Europeans also came to India, settled here and intermixed with the local population. The people belonging to other cultures brought their cultural habits, thoughts and ideas, which got amalgamated into the existing culture. You will be surprised to know that it was only around second century BC that stitched clothes such as salwars, kurtas, topees, etc. were brought to India, by the Kushanas, Shakas and Parthians. Prior to that Indians wore clothes which were unstitched. The latest is the introduction of shirts, trousers, skirts, etc. which were brought by the Europeans in the eighteenth century. India through the ages has shown a remarkable capacity for assimilation of ideas. This has contributed to the variety and richness of our culture. Along with contacts with outside cultures, cultural exchange between different regions of India has also continued. The Chikan work of Lucknow, Phulkari embrodery of Punjab, Kantha embroidery of Bengal, Patola of Orissa show a distinct regional flavour. Although the centres in the South, North, East and West of India have their characteristic cultures, yet these did not develop in absolute isolation. Inspite of physical barriers, Indians used to travel from one part of the country to another for trade or pilgrimage. Some regions were joined together through conquests or by alliance. As a result, people transmitted cultural habits and thoughts from one part of the country to the other. Military campaigns too took people from one place to another. This helped in exchanging ideas. Such contacts have led to the development of commonness in Indian culture, which has been maintained throughout our history. Another unifying factor is climate. Despite geographical diversity and climatic variations India experiences an inherent unity. The system of monsoons is the most important component of the Indian climatic pattern and this gives unity to the whole country. The coming of the monsoon has ensured that agriculture remains the main occupation of the people of India. On the other hand the differences in physical features have affected the food habits, dress, houses and economic activities of people leading to the formation of social, economic and political institutions. These factors in turn influenced the thinking and philosophy of the people. The variety in physical features and climate of India has thus led to the development of a variety of cultures in different regions. The typical features of different regions have given some identity to these cultures. The composite nature of our culture is reflected in our music, dance forms, drama and art forms like paintings, sculpture and architecture as well. Our literature in different languages also reflects this composite nature. Unity in diversity is reflected in our political forms as well. During the early Vedic period, society was pastoral, that is, people used to move from place to place in search of pastures. But as the these people started practising agriculture, they settled down. This settled life led to community development and growth of towns which needed rules and regulations. Thus emerged a political organisation. This included the sabhas and samitis which were political bodies through which people participated in governance. In course of time, the concept of rashtra emerged and possession of territory became the new measure of power. In some places, republics came up. The period from sixth to fourth century BC is known as the age of mahajanapadas in India. In these kingdoms kings had more powers. Subsequently large empires were also established with emperors exercising absolute powers. You may be aware of ancient rulers such as Ashoka, Samudragupta and Harshavardhana. The Mughals also established a vast empire in India. The British established themselves in India and in l858, India became a part of the British Empire. However in 1947, we were able to gain our freedom after a long struggle. Today we are a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic and a uniform system of government prevails over the length and breadth of the country 2. 1. 3 Secular Outlook The secular character of Indian culture is a result of the intermingling of people belonging to diverse cultural groups over a long period of time. There have been instances of occasional conflicts here and there, but by and large, people have lived together peacefully for centuries. The popular cultural traditions of India are the best examples of such cultural synthesis in which a large number of people belonging to different religious groups come together. You are aware that there is a great variety of thoughts and habits in our country. Among such a variety, dominance of one particular thought is not possible. You will recall that Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsees and Jews live in India. The constitution declares India to be a secular country. Everyone is free to profess, practise and propagate any religion of his/her own choice. The state has no religion of its own and all religions are treated equally by the state. No one is to be discriminated on the basis of religion. The people have, to a large extent, developed a broad outlook and they believe in the concept of live and let others live. Right to freedom of religion ensures secular nature of our polity. In the Western context development of secularism meant complete separation of the church and the state. In India secularism is taken as a more positive concept to cope with the complex social structure in the country with a view to protecting the interests of all, particularly the minorities. 2. 1. 4 Universalism The concept of coexistence has not been confined to the geographical and political boundaries of the country only. India has a universal outlook and it has been promoting the message of peace and harmony to the entire world. India has been raising a strong voice against racialism and colonialism. It has protested against the formation of power blocks in the world. In fact India became one of the founder members of the non-aligned movement. India is committed to the development of other underdeveloped nations. In this manner, India has been discharging her responsibilities as a part of the world fraternity and has been contributing to the progress of the world. It has to be remembered that the subcontinent of India has been one cultural unit throughout the ages, cutting across political boundaries. 2. 1. 5 Materialistic and Spiritualistic Culture is spiritual development of a race or nation in the field of mind, interests, conduct, thought, art, skills and civilization. India is popularly known to be a land of spirituality particularly to the West. However, Indian history from ancient times to present day shows that the developments of materialistic and non-materialistic culture have been going on alongside. You will recall that the Harappan civilization was an urban one. It had a systematic town planning where roads cut each other at right angles. They had a profound knowledge of mathematics, weights and measures. They had built their towns in a scientific manner and had an elaborate drainage system. The Harappans had external trade and travelled across the seas to trade with the Sumerians. Excellent books on medicines, planets, stars, and plants were written. Discoveries of theories-like â€Å"earth rotates around the sun† or â€Å"earth is round† were made by Indians long before Europe accepted them. Similarly in the area of mathematics and in the field of medicine and other sciences India’s achievements in ancient times have been remarkable. There was no opposition or resistance by religious or other thoughts in pursuing such knowledge. In philosophical thought even atheistic thinking developed and grew in India. You may be aware that Jainism and Buddhism are silent about the existence of God. What does all this tell us? Indeed, that Indian culture has been both materialistic and non-materialistic or spiritualistic. The culture of India is the living expression of the simplicity and profoundity of her people. 2. 3 CULTURAL INFLUENCES In the modern context, there are at least three significant influences on our culture. They are westernisation, emergent national cultural styles and popular culture. Before independence some Western modes were adopted by the aristocracy and members of the civil services. The influence, over the years, has spread to the middle classes and to a small extent, to the villages as well. The growing demand for English medium schools in the villages is a proof of this statement. During the struggle for freedom a new style emerged. This became a national style. For example the Gandhi cap and khadi may now be only ceremonial and a symbol, but it contributed to the unity of the country and provided commonness to culture. Popular culture which is the product of mass media is another unifying factor. The impact of films has been tremendous. Radio and television also reshape images and attitudes. Their hold on us is undeniable. Modern media has promoted issues that are of both traditional and public interest.

Software Licensing Agreements Essays - Computer Law,

Software licensing Agreements Software license agreements emerged as the most popular means of protection of proprietary rights in computer software. They coexist with other forms of intellectual property rights as patent and copyright. Software license agreements serve several functions in transactions involving the transfer of computer technology. One of the most important legal functions is the protection of the proprietary rights of the licenser in the transferred software.(SPA) Other functions include controlling the revenue generated by licensed software and determining the rights and responsibilities of the parties regarding the performance of the licensed technology. Issue related to these functions include the applicability of Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code, including offer and disclaimer of warranties, determining the appropriate types of licenses to utilize, such as single users C.P.U. licenses, site enterprise licenses and network concurrent licenses.(SPA) In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $12.5 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $2.2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U.S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders.(Bueger, 1994) The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals.(BSA) It is illegal for a corporation or businesses to purchase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufactur er. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and copyright laws that are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority.(SPA) In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. State law creates trade secret laws, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of trade-secret holders rights in the secret. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the same elements. For example, the information must be secret, and not of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression.(SPA) The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo, where the Supreme Court determined that a piano roll used in a player piano did not infringe upon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanical device. Since a computer program is textual, like a book, yet also mechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Office granted copyright protection under the rule of doubt.(SPA) In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (C.O.N.T.U.) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs.(Gibbs, 1993) C.O.N.T.U. concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and C.O.N.T.U. rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The C.O.N.T.U. report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the Act.(Gibbs, 1993) In 1980, the Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states, it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of